The role of elbow:
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In the piping system, the elbow is to change the direction of the pipe fittings. According to the angle, there are 45 ° and 90 ° 180 ° three most commonly used, in addition, according to engineering needs also include 60 ° and another non-normal angle elbow. Elbow materials are cast iron, stainless steel, alloy steel, malleable iron, carbon steel, non-ferrous metals, and plastics.
Connected to the pipe are direct welding (the most common way) flange connection, hot fusion connection, electrofusion connection, threaded connection, and socket connection. The production process can be divided into welding elbow, stamping elbow, pushing elbow, casting elbow, butt welding elbow, etc. Other names: 90-degree elbow, right angle bend, etc.
Elbow Introduction.
Elbow is a common connection pipe fitting used in plumbing installation, for the connection of the pipe bend, used to change the direction of the pipe.
Other names: 90 ° elbow, right angle bend, love and bend, stamping elbow, pressed elbow, mechanism elbow, welded elbow, etc.
Use: Connect two nominal diameters of the same or different pipes, so that the pipeline for 90 °, 45 °, 180 °, and various degrees of the turn.
A bending radius less than or equal to 1.5 times the diameter of the pipe belongs to the elbow, and more than 1.5 times the diameter of the pipe belongs to the elbow.
Pipeline installation of a common connection with pipe fittings, connecting two nominal diameters of the same or different pipe, so that the pipeline to do a certain angle turn, nominal pressure of 1-1.6Mpa.
Elbow process.
① Seamless elbow:
Elbow is a pipe fitting used for pipe bends. Of all the pipe fittings used in the pipeline system, the largest proportion is about 80%. Usually, choose different forming processes for elbows of different materials or wall thickness. Manufacturing plants commonly used seamless elbow forming process are hot push, stamping, extrusion, etc.
② hot push forming
The hot push elbow forming process is the use of a special elbow pushing machine, core mold, and heating device so that the set of billet on the mold in the pushing machine moves forward, in the movement is heated, expanded, and bent into the process. The deformation characteristics of the hot push elbow are based on the law of plastic deformation of metal materials before and after the volume of the bullet diameter, the diameter of the billet used is less than the diameter of the elbow, through the core mold to control the deformation process of the billet, so that the inner arc of the compressed metal flow to compensate for the expansion and thinning of other parts, so as to obtain a uniform wall thickness elbow.
The hot push elbow forming process has a beautiful appearance, uniform wall thickness, and continuous operation, suitable for mass production, thus becoming the main forming method of carbon steel, alloy steel elbow, and also applied in the forming of certain specifications of stainless steel elbow.
Forming process heating methods are medium frequency or high-frequency induction heating (heating circle can be multi-turn or single turn), flame heating, and reflection furnace heating, the use of which heating method depending on the requirements of the forming product and the energy situation.
③ Stamping forming
Stamping forming elbow is the earliest used in the mass production of seamless elbow forming process, in the production of commonly used specifications elbow has been replaced by hot push method or another forming process, but in some specifications of the elbow due to the production of small quantities, wall thickness too thick or too thin.
The product is still in use when there are special requirements. Elbow stamping and forming using a billet equal to the outside diameter of the elbow, using a press in the mold directly pressed into shape.
Before stamping, the billet is placed on the lower die, the inner core and end die are loaded into the billet, the upper die moves down to start pressing, and the elbow is formed by the constraint of the outer die and the support of the inner die.
Compared with the hot push process, the appearance of stamping forming quality is not as good as the former; stamping elbow in the forming of the outer arc in a tensile state, no other parts of the excess metal to compensate, so the wall thickness of the outer arc is about 10% thinner. But because of the characteristics of single-piece production and low cost, so the stamping elbow process is mostly used in small quantities, thick-walled elbow manufacturing.
The stamped elbow is divided into two kinds of cold stamping and hot stamping, usually according to the nature of the material and equipment capacity to choose cold stamping or hot stamping.
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The cold extrusion elbow forming process is the use of a special elbow forming machine, the billet into the outer die, the upper and lower die after they die, under the push rod, and the billet along the inner and outer die reserved for the gap movement and complete the forming process.
The use of cold extrusion process inside and outside the die manufacturing elbow beautiful appearance, uniform wall thickness, small size deviation, so for stainless steel elbow, especially the thin-walled stainless steel elbow forming more than the use of this process manufacturing. This process requires high accuracy of the internal and external die; the wall thickness deviation requirements of the billet are also relatively harsh.
Elbow range of application.
Dimensions:
The size of the alloy elbow is determined according to the nominal diameter. The specific dimensions include the long radius and short radius 90°, 45°, and 180° elbows.
Description:
Alloy elbow is a pipe fitting made of high-strength alloy material, mainly used for connecting pipe bends to achieve 90° or other angle bends between two pipes with the same nominal diameter. This elbow is particularly suitable for working in high temperature and high pressure environments due to its excellent corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance.
Alloy elbows are made of various materials, including but not limited to manganese steel, nickel steel, martensitic alloys, etc. These materials give alloy elbows specific applications in different environments. For example, alloy elbows made of manganese steel are usually used in pipelines with severe wear and tear, such as concrete conveying pipelines and mud conveying pipelines, because of their excellent performance in withstanding impact, extrusion, and material wear. Alloy elbows made of nickel steel are usually used in normal temperature conveying pipelines of high-concentration oxidizing acids (such as nitric acid and sulfuric acid). In addition, martensitic alloy elbows have high high-temperature strength, oxidation resistance, and water vapor corrosion resistance below 650°C, so they are often used in high-temperature water vapor conveying pipelines, water gas pipelines and other environments. These characteristics make alloy elbows an indispensable part of industrial piping systems, especially in application scenarios that need to withstand extreme conditions, their importance is more prominent.
Alloy elbows are a type of pipe fittings widely used in various industrial piping systems. Their instructions mainly include material selection, connection methods, production processes, classifications, and application scopes.
1. Material selection: The materials of alloy elbows include cast iron, stainless steel, alloy steel, forgeable cast iron, carbon steel, non-ferrous metals, and plastics. The selection of these materials depends on the specific requirements and working conditions of the piping system, such as corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, and pressure resistance.
2. Connection methods: Alloy elbows have various connection methods, including direct welding (the most commonly used method), flange connection, hot melt connection, electric fusion connection, threaded connection, and socket connection. The selection of these connection methods depends on the design requirements of the piping system and the convenience of installation and maintenance.
3. Production process: The production process of alloy elbows includes welding elbows, stamping elbows, push elbows, casting elbows, butt welding elbows, etc. Different production processes are suitable for different usage scenarios. For example, welding elbows are suitable for occasions that require higher strength and sealing, while stamping elbows are suitable for mass production.
4. Classification: Alloy elbows can be classified in many ways, such as angle (such as 45°, 90°, 180°), radius of curvature (long radius and short radius), pressure level, etc. For example, 45° and 90° elbows are suitable for occasions where the direction of the pipeline needs to be changed, while 180° elbows are used in occasions where the direction of the pipeline needs to be completely changed.
5. Application scope: Alloy elbows are widely used in pipeline systems in various fields such as petrochemicals, electricity, natural gas, and water supply. They can withstand high pressure and high temperature, have good sealing and corrosion resistance, and are an indispensable part of industrial pipeline systems.
In summary, the instructions for use of alloy elbows cover many aspects such as material selection, connection method, production process, classification, and application scope, ensuring its wide application and efficient operation in various industrial pipeline systems.
The use parameters of alloy elbows involve many aspects, including material, implementation standards, pressure level, radius of curvature, etc. The following is a detailed description of the parameters:
1. Material: Alloy elbows are made of various materials, including bronze, stainless steel, manganese steel, high manganese steel, nickel steel and martensitic alloys. For example, ordinary bronze alloy elbows are more common in general tap water pipes, while stainless steel elbows are used in many tap water pipes with the improvement of living standards. Manganese steel alloy elbows are suitable for pipes with severe wear and consumption, such as concrete conveying pipes and mud conveying pipes. High manganese steel alloy elbows are used in pipes with intense fluid flow and strong impact. Nickel steel alloy elbows are usually used in normal temperature conveying pipes with high concentration of oxidizing acids (such as nitric acid and sulfuric acid), while martensitic alloy elbows have high high temperature strength, oxidation resistance and water vapor corrosion resistance below 650℃, and are often used in high temperature water vapor conveying pipes and water gas pipes.
2. Implementation standards: The implementation standards of alloy elbows include GB/T-, GB/T, GB/T-, etc. These standards specify the requirements for the size, material, performance, etc. of the elbows.
3. Pressure level: According to the pressure level classification, there are about seventeen pressure levels for welded elbows, including Sch5s, Sch10s, Sch10, Sch20, Sch30, Sch40s, STD, Sch40, Sch60, Sch80s, XS, Sch80, Sch100, Sch120, Sch140, Sch160, XXS, of which STD and XS are the most commonly used.
4. Curvature radius: According to the curvature radius classification, welded elbows can be divided into long radius elbows and short radius elbows. Long radius elbows refer to elbows with a radius of curvature equal to 1.5 times the outer diameter of the pipe (R=1.5D), while short radius elbows have a radius of curvature equal to the outer diameter of the pipe (R=D). The most commonly used elbow is 1.5D. If the contract does not specify whether it is 1D or 1.5D, then the 1.5D elbow should be optimized.
In summary, the use parameters of alloy elbows include material selection, implementation standard compliance, pressure level classification, and curvature radius selection. The selection of these parameters depends on the specific application scenario and requirements.