Privacy Policy
Yayang are exported all over the world and different industries with quality first. Our belief is to provide our customers with more and better high value-added products. Let's create a better future together.
EFFECTIVE DATE: 03/15/
WHO WE ARE
In this Privacy Policy, the words “our,” “us,” “we,” and “AMI” refer to Active Minerals International,LLC. AMI is the world's largest producer of gellant attapulgite and air-float kaolin mineral products.
We collect and use information about our web site visitors and those that interact with our products and services in order to manage your relationship with AMI and to better serve you.
HOW WE PROCESS AND HANDLE DATA
The information we collect from you depends on the nature of your relationship with us or your interaction with AMI’s products, services, websites and marketing events and communications. The information we collect may include both Personal Data and Other Information, as detailed below.
Personal Data. For the purposes of this Privacy Policy, “Personal Data” is information from which you could be identified, directly or indirectly, and may include contact and business information (such as name, title, address), account information, license information, payment information, information from third parties, social media data and any other unique identifying information.
Other Information. For the purposes of this Privacy Policy, “Other Information” is any information that does not independently reveal your specific identity or does not directly relate to an identifiable individual. Examples include an IP address, browser type, browser language, browsing data, device information, time and date of requests, login activity and cookies. Gathering this information helps us to ensure that our websites and other services work correctly and support our visitor and customer analysis.
Cookies and Similar Technologies
As further described in our Cookie Policy, cookies are small text files containing information that is sent to us from your computer or mobile device. They are unique to your account or browser. We use cookies and similar technologies (such as web beacons, device identifiers, pixels and ad tags) to recognize you and track your activity across different AMI services and devices. We use cookies to collect information about the way that visitors use AMI Sites, to support the features and functionality of those Sites, and to personalize your experience when you use them. We use pixel tags and cookies so that we can determine interest in particular topics on our Site and improve the effectiveness of our communications.
You can control cookies and other technologies in your browser settings. You can also disable or block the use of cookies and similar technologies that track your behavior on the websites of others for third party advertising.
In some instances, we may combine Other Information with Personal Data, such as deriving geographical location from your IP address and combining website browsing data about your usage of the AMI services with your name. If we combine Other Information with Personal Data, we will treat the combined information as Personal Data.
You are not required to share the Personal Data that we request. However, if you choose not to share such information, in some cases we might not be able to provide you with the AMI services, allow you to access certain specialized features of the AMI services or be able to effectively respond to any queries you may have.
AMI will never collect more of your Personal Data than is necessary for the intended purpose of processing that information. Some of the uses of Personal Data listed in sections 2, 3 and 4 may not be mandatory and can be controlled by you.
Please see the YOUR PRIVACY RIGHTS section below to learn more about how you can control the information AMI processes about you.
SECTION 3: AMI WEBSITE(S) (ACTIVEMINERALS.COM, ACTI-GEL.COM, ACTI-PLEX.COM)
AMI maintains control of the data provided to, collected by or for, or processed in connection to the AMI Sites, as defined in the Terms. We gather information about visitors to both our password-protected websites and our various publicly accessible websites, including the AMI.com website, various AMI blogs, event pages and other websites where this Privacy Policy is posted.
A. What information we collect through our Sites and how we collect it
a. Information you provide to us
We collect information about you through our websites, online forms, online chat and .
When you communicate with AMI, we will store all communications we receive unless otherwise requested by you. If you are submitting information on behalf of another individual, you are responsible for obtaining appropriate consent, including consent to share and transfer any Personal Data across borders.
b. Information we collect automatically
Log data. As with most internet technology services, our servers automatically collect information when you access or use our Sites and record it in log files. This log may include IP address, usage data, browser type, the date and time the Site were accessed, and language preferences cookies (if enabled).
Device Information. AMI collects data about devices accessing the Sites, which may include the type of device, device settings, application IDs, and unique identifiers. Whether we collect any or all of this information will depend on the type of device used and how it has been configured by you.
Location Information. We receive data from you and other third parties that helps us to track an approximate device location. We may use, for example, an IP address detected by your browser or device to determine device location. We may also collect information from devices in accordance with the consent process provided by your device.
Third Parties. We use and permit select third parties to use automatic data collection tools to collect information using website tracking technologies such as cookies, web beacons, embedded URS, pixels, widgets, buttons or other similar technologies. These can be disabled by you.
B. How we use that data
We may use the information collected for the following purposes:
MARKETING ACTIVITIES
AMI maintains control of the data provided to, or collected by or for, or processed in connection with certain marketing activities, such as in-person meetings, communications, webinars, conferences, and events. We and our third-party service providers may collect information in the following ways:
A. What data we collect through our marketing activities and how we collect it
a. Information you provide to us
In addition to information submitted to AMI through our Sites, for example when you register for a webinar, subscribe to our newsletter, or download content (such as AMI whitepapers), we may also collect information from you offline, such as when you attend our events in person or during calls with sales representatives.
b. Information we acquire from a third party
To enhance AMI’s ability to provide relevant marketing, offers, and services to you, we may receive information about you from third parties, such as public databases, partners, lead generation services, and social media platforms. We also collect information from other sources to help us correct or supplement our records such as customer enrichment services, improve the quality or personalization of our services to you and to verify your identification in instances of suspected fraud or identity theft. In each instance we will only accept information from third parties where those third parties can demonstrate they have received all necessary consents to share such information with us.
B. How we use that data
We may use information that is collected through our marketing activities in the same way we use information collected through our Sites, as well as for the following purposes:
PROCESSING YOUR PERSONAL DATA
We will only collect and process your Personal Data in the ways described in this Privacy Policy when we have a reason to do so.
AMI relies on the following reasons for processing Personal Data:
HOW WE KEEP YOUR INFORMATION SECURE
At AMI, we understand the importance of information, and the need to keep Personal Data secure. We have implemented and maintain technical, administrative and physical security measures designed to protect your information from unauthorized access, disclosure, misuse, alteration, accidental loss or destruction.
We regularly review our security procedures to maintain the confidentiality, integrity, availability and resilience of all data both online and offline. These security procedures and measures vary based on the sensitivity of the information that we collect, process and store and the current state of technology but include firewalls, data encryption, physical access controls and information access authorization controls. AMI has implemented an incident response plan, with a company protocol we follow in the event of any data breach. We take steps to regularly monitor our systems for vulnerabilities and to ensure that we only share information with those who need to know it.
However, no website or internet transmission is completely secure. While we strive to protect your data, we cannot guarantee that unauthorized access, hacking, data loss or a data breach will never occur, and we cannot warrant the security of any information that you provide to us. You are responsible for securing and maintaining the privacy of any password(s) and account registration information uses with AMI and verifying that the information we maintain about you is accurate and current. We are not responsible for protecting any information that we share with a third party based on an account connection that you have authorized.
We require that our third-party service providers and partners agree to keep the information we share with them confidential and to use the information only to perform their obligations in the agreements we have in place with them. AMI has implemented internal policies to ensure that such parties are required under contract to maintain privacy and security protections which are at least as consistent with our own policies and practices.
STORAGE AND RETENTION OF YOUR INFORMATION
AMI is a global company and your information is stored on regional servers depending on your location and the locations of the servers of the companies we hire to provide services to us based on contractual requirements.
We will retain your Personal Data for the length of time needed to fulfill the purposes outlined in this Privacy Policy unless a longer retention period is required or permitted by law, or unless the information is deleted pursuant to the exercise of your rights. We may also retain cached or archived copies of information provided to us. The deletion of your Personal Data and other use of our Sites may result in the deletion and/or de-identification of Other Information that is retained by us.
CROSS BORDER TRANSFERS OF INFORMATION AND THE PRIVACY SHIELD
AMI is a global company with business processes, management structures and technical systems that cross national borders. This means that your Personal Data may be transferred internally to AMI Affiliates and externally to third parties (including partners and service providers) across international borders for the purposes described in this Privacy Policy. AMI transfers data only in accordance with legally approved transfer mechanisms that are appropriate under applicable data protection laws, including the Standard Contractual Clauses.
WHAT IS NOT COVERED IN THIS POLICY
Please note that this Privacy Policy applies only to your relationship with AMI through your use of AMI’s Sites, products, services, events, communications, and marketing and advertising activities.
AMI Partners who provide implementation and other solution services may also gather information and you should consult those other parties’ privacy policies as appropriate as they may be applicable to you. Please also note that in using our services, we may provide links to other websites to directly provide information relevant to your use of AMI products. We will provide notice of when we do this. Any interactions you have with these websites are beyond the control of AMI. The Site provides links to websites and access to content, products and services of third parties, including users, advertisers, partners and sponsors of the Site, and such third party websites, content, products or services are governed by the respective third party’s website terms and conditions of use.
If you are a job candidate or an AMI employee, please refer to our AMI Employee and Recruitment Privacy Policy available through ADP Workforce Now.
YOUR PRIVACY RIGHTS
We provide you the ability to exercise certain controls and choices regarding our collection, use and sharing of your information.
Please be aware that, if you do not allow us to collect your information from you, we may not be able to deliver certain products and services to you, and some of the AMI services may not be able to take account of your interests and preferences.
Your choices. In accordance with applicable law, you may be entitled to exercise your rights and choices as follows:
Additionally, depending on where you are located, you may have other rights.
EUROPE and CALIFORNIA
AMI adheres to applicable data protection laws in Europe and California which, where they apply, provides you with the following rights:
Privacy relating to minors
As a company focused on serving the needs of businesses, AMI does not promote or market the AMI services to minors and we do not knowingly collect information from minors as defined by applicable law. If we discover we have received any Personal Data from a person under the age of 13 in violation of this Policy, we will take reasonable steps to delete that information as quickly as possible.
If you believe we have any information from or about anyone under the age of 13, please contact us.
UPDATES TO THE POLICY
From time to time, we may change this Privacy Policy to accommodate new technologies, industry practices, regulatory requirements or to reflect any changes in how we process information. Any changes to this Privacy Policy will be effective when we post the revised Privacy Policy on this website.
CONTACT US
If you believe your Personal Data has been used in a way that is not consistent with this Privacy Policy or your specified preferences, or if you have further questions related to this Privacy Policy, we encourage you to please contact our Privacy Team at the address below or by emailing: .
Written inquiries may be addressed to our General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer at:
Chris Coley
Active Minerals Inc
34 LovetonCir, STE 100
Sparks, MD
: +1 (410) 825-
Fax: +1 (410) 321-
Privacy Policy
EFFECTIVE DATE: 03/15/
WHO WE ARE
In this Privacy Policy, the words “our,” “us,” “we,” and “AMI” refer to Active Minerals International,LLC. AMI is the world's largest producer of gellant attapulgite and air-float kaolin mineral products.
We collect and use information about our web site visitors and those that interact with our products and services in order to manage your relationship with AMI and to better serve you.
HOW WE PROCESS AND HANDLE DATA
The information we collect from you depends on the nature of your relationship with us or your interaction with AMI’s products, services, websites and marketing events and communications. The information we collect may include both Personal Data and Other Information, as detailed below.
Personal Data. For the purposes of this Privacy Policy, “Personal Data” is information from which you could be identified, directly or indirectly, and may include contact and business information (such as name, title, address), account information, license information, payment information, information from third parties, social media data and any other unique identifying information.
Other Information. For the purposes of this Privacy Policy, “Other Information” is any information that does not independently reveal your specific identity or does not directly relate to an identifiable individual. Examples include an IP address, browser type, browser language, browsing data, device information, time and date of requests, login activity and cookies. Gathering this information helps us to ensure that our websites and other services work correctly and support our visitor and customer analysis.
Cookies and Similar Technologies
As further described in our Cookie Policy, cookies are small text files containing information that is sent to us from your computer or mobile device. They are unique to your account or browser. We use cookies and similar technologies (such as web beacons, device identifiers, pixels and ad tags) to recognize you and track your activity across different AMI services and devices. We use cookies to collect information about the way that visitors use AMI Sites, to support the features and functionality of those Sites, and to personalize your experience when you use them. We use pixel tags and cookies so that we can determine interest in particular topics on our Site and improve the effectiveness of our communications.
You can control cookies and other technologies in your browser settings. You can also disable or block the use of cookies and similar technologies that track your behavior on the websites of others for third party advertising.
In some instances, we may combine Other Information with Personal Data, such as deriving geographical location from your IP address and combining website browsing data about your usage of the AMI services with your name. If we combine Other Information with Personal Data, we will treat the combined information as Personal Data.
You are not required to share the Personal Data that we request. However, if you choose not to share such information, in some cases we might not be able to provide you with the AMI services, allow you to access certain specialized features of the AMI services or be able to effectively respond to any queries you may have.
AMI will never collect more of your Personal Data than is necessary for the intended purpose of processing that information. Some of the uses of Personal Data listed in sections 2, 3 and 4 may not be mandatory and can be controlled by you.
Please see the YOUR PRIVACY RIGHTS section below to learn more about how you can control the information AMI processes about you.
SECTION 3: AMI WEBSITE(S) (ACTIVEMINERALS.COM, ACTI-GEL.COM, ACTI-PLEX.COM)
AMI maintains control of the data provided to, collected by or for, or processed in connection to the AMI Sites, as defined in the Terms. We gather information about visitors to both our password-protected websites and our various publicly accessible websites, including the AMI.com website, various AMI blogs, event pages and other websites where this Privacy Policy is posted.
A. What information we collect through our Sites and how we collect it
a. Information you provide to us
We collect information about you through our websites, online forms, online chat and .
When you communicate with AMI, we will store all communications we receive unless otherwise requested by you. If you are submitting information on behalf of another individual, you are responsible for obtaining appropriate consent, including consent to share and transfer any Personal Data across borders.
b. Information we collect automatically
Log data. As with most internet technology services, our servers automatically collect information when you access or use our Sites and record it in log files. This log may include IP address, usage data, browser type, the date and time the Site were accessed, and language preferences cookies (if enabled).
The company is the world’s best Attapulgite Powder supplier. We are your one-stop shop for all needs. Our staff are highly-specialized and will help you find the product you need.
Device Information. AMI collects data about devices accessing the Sites, which may include the type of device, device settings, application IDs, and unique identifiers. Whether we collect any or all of this information will depend on the type of device used and how it has been configured by you.
Location Information. We receive data from you and other third parties that helps us to track an approximate device location. We may use, for example, an IP address detected by your browser or device to determine device location. We may also collect information from devices in accordance with the consent process provided by your device.
Third Parties. We use and permit select third parties to use automatic data collection tools to collect information using website tracking technologies such as cookies, web beacons, embedded URS, pixels, widgets, buttons or other similar technologies. These can be disabled by you.
B. How we use that data
We may use the information collected for the following purposes:
MARKETING ACTIVITIES
AMI maintains control of the data provided to, or collected by or for, or processed in connection with certain marketing activities, such as in-person meetings, communications, webinars, conferences, and events. We and our third-party service providers may collect information in the following ways:
A. What data we collect through our marketing activities and how we collect it
a. Information you provide to us
In addition to information submitted to AMI through our Sites, for example when you register for a webinar, subscribe to our newsletter, or download content (such as AMI whitepapers), we may also collect information from you offline, such as when you attend our events in person or during calls with sales representatives.
b. Information we acquire from a third party
To enhance AMI’s ability to provide relevant marketing, offers, and services to you, we may receive information about you from third parties, such as public databases, partners, lead generation services, and social media platforms. We also collect information from other sources to help us correct or supplement our records such as customer enrichment services, improve the quality or personalization of our services to you and to verify your identification in instances of suspected fraud or identity theft. In each instance we will only accept information from third parties where those third parties can demonstrate they have received all necessary consents to share such information with us.
B. How we use that data
We may use information that is collected through our marketing activities in the same way we use information collected through our Sites, as well as for the following purposes:
PROCESSING YOUR PERSONAL DATA
We will only collect and process your Personal Data in the ways described in this Privacy Policy when we have a reason to do so.
AMI relies on the following reasons for processing Personal Data:
HOW WE KEEP YOUR INFORMATION SECURE
At AMI, we understand the importance of information, and the need to keep Personal Data secure. We have implemented and maintain technical, administrative and physical security measures designed to protect your information from unauthorized access, disclosure, misuse, alteration, accidental loss or destruction.
We regularly review our security procedures to maintain the confidentiality, integrity, availability and resilience of all data both online and offline. These security procedures and measures vary based on the sensitivity of the information that we collect, process and store and the current state of technology but include firewalls, data encryption, physical access controls and information access authorization controls. AMI has implemented an incident response plan, with a company protocol we follow in the event of any data breach. We take steps to regularly monitor our systems for vulnerabilities and to ensure that we only share information with those who need to know it.
However, no website or internet transmission is completely secure. While we strive to protect your data, we cannot guarantee that unauthorized access, hacking, data loss or a data breach will never occur, and we cannot warrant the security of any information that you provide to us. You are responsible for securing and maintaining the privacy of any password(s) and account registration information uses with AMI and verifying that the information we maintain about you is accurate and current. We are not responsible for protecting any information that we share with a third party based on an account connection that you have authorized.
We require that our third-party service providers and partners agree to keep the information we share with them confidential and to use the information only to perform their obligations in the agreements we have in place with them. AMI has implemented internal policies to ensure that such parties are required under contract to maintain privacy and security protections which are at least as consistent with our own policies and practices.
STORAGE AND RETENTION OF YOUR INFORMATION
AMI is a global company and your information is stored on regional servers depending on your location and the locations of the servers of the companies we hire to provide services to us based on contractual requirements.
We will retain your Personal Data for the length of time needed to fulfill the purposes outlined in this Privacy Policy unless a longer retention period is required or permitted by law, or unless the information is deleted pursuant to the exercise of your rights. We may also retain cached or archived copies of information provided to us. The deletion of your Personal Data and other use of our Sites may result in the deletion and/or de-identification of Other Information that is retained by us.
CROSS BORDER TRANSFERS OF INFORMATION AND THE PRIVACY SHIELD
AMI is a global company with business processes, management structures and technical systems that cross national borders. This means that your Personal Data may be transferred internally to AMI Affiliates and externally to third parties (including partners and service providers) across international borders for the purposes described in this Privacy Policy. AMI transfers data only in accordance with legally approved transfer mechanisms that are appropriate under applicable data protection laws, including the Standard Contractual Clauses.
WHAT IS NOT COVERED IN THIS POLICY
Please note that this Privacy Policy applies only to your relationship with AMI through your use of AMI’s Sites, products, services, events, communications, and marketing and advertising activities.
AMI Partners who provide implementation and other solution services may also gather information and you should consult those other parties’ privacy policies as appropriate as they may be applicable to you. Please also note that in using our services, we may provide links to other websites to directly provide information relevant to your use of AMI products. We will provide notice of when we do this. Any interactions you have with these websites are beyond the control of AMI. The Site provides links to websites and access to content, products and services of third parties, including users, advertisers, partners and sponsors of the Site, and such third party websites, content, products or services are governed by the respective third party’s website terms and conditions of use.
If you are a job candidate or an AMI employee, please refer to our AMI Employee and Recruitment Privacy Policy available through ADP Workforce Now.
YOUR PRIVACY RIGHTS
We provide you the ability to exercise certain controls and choices regarding our collection, use and sharing of your information.
Please be aware that, if you do not allow us to collect your information from you, we may not be able to deliver certain products and services to you, and some of the AMI services may not be able to take account of your interests and preferences.
Your choices. In accordance with applicable law, you may be entitled to exercise your rights and choices as follows:
Additionally, depending on where you are located, you may have other rights.
EUROPE and CALIFORNIA
AMI adheres to applicable data protection laws in Europe and California which, where they apply, provides you with the following rights:
Privacy relating to minors
As a company focused on serving the needs of businesses, AMI does not promote or market the AMI services to minors and we do not knowingly collect information from minors as defined by applicable law. If we discover we have received any Personal Data from a person under the age of 13 in violation of this Policy, we will take reasonable steps to delete that information as quickly as possible.
If you believe we have any information from or about anyone under the age of 13, please contact us.
UPDATES TO THE POLICY
From time to time, we may change this Privacy Policy to accommodate new technologies, industry practices, regulatory requirements or to reflect any changes in how we process information. Any changes to this Privacy Policy will be effective when we post the revised Privacy Policy on this website.
CONTACT US
If you believe your Personal Data has been used in a way that is not consistent with this Privacy Policy or your specified preferences, or if you have further questions related to this Privacy Policy, we encourage you to please contact our Privacy Team at the address below or by emailing: .
Written inquiries may be addressed to our General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer at:
Chris Coley
Active Minerals Inc
34 LovetonCir, STE 100
Sparks, MD
: +1 (410) 825-
Fax: +1 (410) 321-
With the rapid development of the real estate industry in recent years, high-rise buildings have emerged. The insulating glass used for glass curtain walls and residential doors and windows has increased day by day, and the architectural glass industry has also experienced unprecedented development. At the same time, leading companies in the glass deep processing industry are constantly expanding and putting into production in response to market changes.
According to the international standard "Insulating Glass", the service life of insulating glass is directly related to the quality of edge materials (such as spacers, desiccant, and sealant) and the manufacturing process of insulating glass. The spacer, desiccant, sealant, and glass from the edge sealing system of the insulating glass, determines the service life of the insulating glass. Qualified insulating glass is expected to have a service life of at least 15 years.
Figure 1 Insulating glass filling desiccant: molecular sieve
But at present, there are some unqualified insulating glass products on the market, and the service life is too short even less than seven or eight years. Once the insulating glass fails, it will need to spend a lot of money to replace the glass, resulting in a huge waste of national resources. As one of the core materials of the insulating glass edge sealing system, the desiccant is mainly used to keep the air layer inside the insulating glass dry and avoid fogging inside the insulating glass, which plays an important role in the life of the insulating glass.
According to the International industry standard "Desiccant for Insulating Glass" , depending on the material and production process, the desiccant for insulating glass is divided into two categories: Class A desiccant (3A molecular sieve), Class B desiccant (Spherical dry material with attapulgite as the main body).
1. The powerful effect of desiccant on insulating glass
The desiccant in the insulating glass can not only absorb the moisture and residual organic matter in the insulating glass so that the insulating glass will not fog up below -60℃, but also balance the internal and external pressure difference due to the seasonal or day-night temperature difference, and extend the insulating glass service life. At present, more than 95% of the failure of insulating glass after wall mounting is caused by fog. Once the insulating glass is fogged, it means that the edge sealing system fails, which in turn causes the Low-E film to be oxidized, appearance color, energy-saving performance, etc.
The desiccant achieves its functions by deeply drying the sealed air layer inside the insulating glass:
(1) Adsorb the moisture in the air in the ceiling cavity of the insulating glass;
(2) Adsorb the moisture that continuously penetrates the insulating glass through the sealant in the later stage;
(3) Combined with other special molecular sieves, it can absorb the volatile substances released by the insulating glass sealant.
The fogging of hollow glass is also directly related to the sealant and desiccant:
(1) The sealant mainly prevents the moisture in the outside air from diffusing into the insulating glass, and the function of the desiccant is to absorb the moisture diffused into the glass through the sealant;
(2) If the sealing effect of the sealant fails, after the desiccant is saturated, the insulating glass will quickly become fogged and the function will fail;
(3) At the same time, no matter how good the sealant is, it cannot completely prevent the penetration of moisture. If the desiccant is not used or a low-quality desiccant is, as the use time is extended, the insulating glass will quickly become fogged.
2. Insulating glass has very strict requirements for desiccant
In daily life and industrial manufacturing, commonly used desiccants include calcium chloride, silica gel, clay desiccants (montmorillonite), molecular sieves, mineral desiccants (attapulgite), and composite desiccants.
As a desiccant for insulating glass, the requirements are more stringent:
(1) Ultra-low finished product moisture content can ensure that the desiccant has strong water absorption;
(2) Super deep adsorption capacity can ensure that the moisture in the glass interlayer is sufficient Absorption;
(3) Ultra-low powder falling degree ensures the beautiful and light-transmitting performance of the insulating glass;
(4) Ultra-low nitrogen adsorption capacity ensures that the insulating glass will not be deformed under different temperature changes;
(5) Qualified bulk density to ensure that the filling amount of desiccant is controlled within the most economical and reasonable range;
(6) Reasonable acidity and alkalinity, to ensure that the insulating glass spacer is not easy to be corroded and salt precipitation occurs;
(7) High crushing strength, reducing broken during the filling process due to insufficient strength, forming slag, dust, and polluting glass;
(8) Low static electricity, ensuring that the desiccant is adsorbed on the pipe wall and blocked when the insulating glass desiccant filling machine is filled pipeline. Generally speaking, there are clear requirements for the technical indicators of the two types of desiccants, as shown in Table 1:
Table 1 Technical requirements of desiccant for insulating glass
In the early development of insulating glass, silica gel, clay minerals, etc. were used as insulating glass desiccants. Since these desiccants could not meet the quality requirements of insulating glass desiccants, they were quickly replaced by 3A molecular sieves with superior performance. However, with the advancement of technology, attapulgite desiccant, which is more environmentally friendly and energy-saving, has been gradually promoted and used in insulating glass.
3. 3A molecular sieve desiccant is suitable for insulating glass
A molecular sieve is a kind of crystalline aluminosilicate mineral spherulites, which are connected by oxygen bridges through silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons or aluminum-oxygen tetrahedrons to form a system of pores and cavities of molecular size (usually 0.3nm~2nm). Its pore size is equivalent to that of ordinary molecules, and only molecules with a diameter smaller than the pore size are allowed to enter. The pore size can be controlled by the different processing technology. In addition to absorbing water vapor, it can also adsorb other gases. According to the ratio of silicon to aluminum and the crystal structure, it can be divided into A-type, X-type, Y-type molecular sieves, etc., as shown in Figure 1. According to the pore size of the molecular sieve, it is divided into 3A molecular sieve, 4A molecular sieve, and 5A molecular sieve. Among them, 3A molecular sieves are encountered most among the molecular sieves for insulating glass.
Figure 2 A, X, and Y type molecular sieve crystal structure
(A) Type A; (b) Type X, Type YAmong them, the chemical formula of the 3A molecular sieve is XK2O YNa2O Al2O3 2SiO2 9/2H2O(X+Y=1), and the effective pore size is about 3?. The chemical formula of the 4A molecular sieve is Na2O·Al2O3·2SiO2·4.5H2O, and the effective pore size is about 4?. According to Table 2, the radius of water molecules is smaller than the pore size of a 3A molecular sieve and can be adsorbed by 3A molecular sieve. The molecular radius of oxygen and nitrogen is larger than the pore size of a 3A molecular sieve and cannot be adsorbed by 3A molecular sieve. However, 4A molecular sieves can adsorb water, oxygen, and nitrogen, and even prefer to adsorb the more polar nitrogen.
Table 2 3A, 4A molecular sieve aperture, and water, oxygen, nitrogen molecular radius comparison
More deadly, the nitrogen adsorbed by the 4A molecular sieve is very sensitive to temperature changes. For example, 250ml of 4A molecular sieve can emit more than 700ml of gas when the temperature rises from room temperature to 70°C. The outgassing of the 3A molecular sieve will be less than 50ml. For example, as a desiccant for insulating glass, when the outside temperature rises, 4A molecular sieve will release adsorbed nitrogen and oxygen, causing the internal pressure of the insulating glass to be stronger than the outside air pressure, and the insulating glass will be convex. When the outside temperature drops, the 4A molecular sieve re-adsorbs nitrogen and oxygen, making the outside pressure stronger than the internal pressure of the insulating glass, and the insulating glass is recessed or recovered. This "breathing phenomenon" of inhalation and degassing will greatly reduce the service life of the insulating glass. Experience has shown that insulating glass using a 4A molecular sieve has only a quarter of the service life of a 3A molecular sieve. Therefore, although there are many types of molecular sieves, theory and practice have proved that only 3A molecular sieve desiccants that do not adsorb air are suitable for insulating glass. In the market, 3A molecular sieve is obtained by ion exchange through 4A molecular sieve and Na+ is replaced by K+. Therefore, the price of a 3A molecular sieve is higher than that of a 4A molecular sieve. This also causes 4A molecular sieve to pretend to be a 3A molecular sieve in the market. The phenomenon.
4. Development and limitations of attapulgite desiccant as a desiccant for insulating glass
The mineral desiccant mainly uses natural attapulgite as the main desiccant. Attapulgite is a kind of water-containing magnesium-rich aluminosilicate clay mineral with a 2:1 layer chain structure. The ideal molecular formula is (Mg, Al, Fe)5Si8O20(HO)2(OH2)4·4H2O. In each 2:1 unit structure layer, the corners of the tetrahedral wafer are reversed at a certain distance to form a layered chain. . There is lattice replacement in its structure, and the crystal contains indefinite amounts of Na+, Ca2+, Fe3+, Al3+, as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 The crystal structure of attapulgite
Due to its unique crystal structure and mineral composition, attapulgite has the characteristics of high specific surface area, excellent adsorption performance, strong selective adsorption capacity, and large cation exchange capacity. It is a very efficient desiccant. Common attapulgite raw ore often contains a lot of impurities, which will seriously affect the performance of attapulgite. Therefore, purification and modification treatments are needed to improve and enhance the performance of unevenness to achieve various purposes.
However, as a desiccant for insulating glass, the water absorption performance of attapulgite itself often cannot meet the requirements of a desiccant for insulating glass. Therefore, in the preparation process, low-cost and effective calcium chloride is added to prepare a composite desiccant mixed with attapulgite and calcium chloride. The properties of the two materials are complementary, that is, calcium chloride compensates for the low water absorption of attapulgite, and attapulgite can also condense the water absorbed by calcium chloride to prevent liquid water. This material is currently used by many desiccant manufacturers. The specific water absorption rate is related to the mixing ratio of the two. The more calcium chloride, the higher the water absorption rate, but the greater the risk of water leakage.
Here must also explain the harm of calcium chloride desiccant to insulating glass:
(1) Calcium chloride desiccants are corrosive, and their corrosiveness increases with increasing water absorption.
(2) The oxygen in the insulating glass has a certain protective effect on the aluminum spacer strips because the oxygen reacts with the surface of the aluminum spacer strips to form an oxide protective film. However, the chloride ions freed from calcium chloride have a strong corrosive effect on aluminum spacer strips.
(3) Calcium chloride desiccant can easily destroy the butyl sealant sealing, causing the butyl sealant sealing to volatilize, and the volatile matter forms a rainbow phenomenon on the glass surface, and at the same time destroys the edge sealing system of the insulating glass.
(4) The clay-containing calcium chloride desiccant also has a certain degree of dusting and migration. In the process of migration, it will continue to pulverize and seep out from the small holes of the insulating glass aluminum spacer strips, which is corrosive to the insulating glass and contaminates the insulating glass, destroying the aesthetics.
Therefore, there are unavoidable concerns and disputes about the calcium chloride-loaded attapulgite desiccant in the market. In many developed countries, there are also words such as "calcium chloride desiccant should not be used" and "calcium chloride and calcium oxide desiccants should not be used" in the engineering technical specifications for building exterior windows or the product promotion catalog in the construction field.
On the other hand, due to the high viscosity of attapulgite itself, high strength after high-temperature sintering, and no dust, it is very important for insulating glass to keep the interior clean and beautiful. Correspondingly, since the raw powder used in the manufacture of molecular sieve has no viscosity, not only a large amount of energy consumption is generated during the sintering process, but also dust is easily generated, which causes certain harm to the human body and the environment.
Figure 4 Different types of insulating glass molecular sieves
Under the policies of various countries to advocate green energy saving and environmental protection, combined with the characteristics of attapulgite, environmental protection, and energy-saving and consumption reduction, the application of attapulgite in insulating glass desiccant has broad prospects. However, at present, there are fewer requirements for the specification of attapulgite desiccant for insulating glass. In particular, the lack of corresponding clear requirements for the calcium chloride content that is of public concern has led to the uneven quality of attapulgite desiccants in the industry, which has caused concerns and concerns in the downstream use process.
In the development process of the use of attapulgite desiccant in insulating glass, on the one hand, it is necessary to improve the water absorption and control the calcium chloride content by improving the purity of attapulgite, structural modification, and other methods; on the other hand, it is necessary to find more suitable salts. Water-absorbing agents (such as magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate, etc.) replace calcium chloride to eliminate public concerns about the harm of calcium chloride.
5. The future development trend of insulating glass desiccant
Although there are many types of molecular sieves, the desiccant used for insulating glass in the glass deep processing industry is still mainly 3A molecular sieve, supplemented by attapulgite desiccant. The problem facing 3A molecular sieve is that 4A molecular sieve is shoddy, while the problem facing attapulgite molecular sieve is the use and content specification of additive calcium chloride. It is believed that in the future after the corresponding policies and standards of various countries are promulgated, the market of desiccants for insulating glass can be regulated and rectified. At the same time, with the development of the industry, maturity of technology, and standard specifications, new desiccants will also be continuously developed and applied to insulating glass.
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