Phenolic foam is often confused with PIR insulation due to the fact that these two materials share a lot of similarities.
Both PIR and phenolic are rigid thermoset foams that function as insulating cores between two facings. The main difference between them is the materials and the manufacturing process.
PIR foam is made from isocyanate and polyol. PIR insulation boards are manufactured in much the same way as Kingspan Kooltherm insulation. The main difference is that PIR insulation has to be cured for much longer than phenolic insulation.
Whereas phenolic boards are cured before they are packed, manufacturers cure PIR boards after they have already been packed. The boards cure in a temperature-controlled environment for one day per each 25mm of thickness.
Whilst PIR has good thermal insulating properties, phenolic excels in thermal performance, reaching lows of 0.018 W/mK compared to the 0.022 W/mK of PIR. Despite the many rigid thermoset insulation materials on the market, you will not find a lower thermal resistance figure than phenolic insulation.
Both phenolic and PIR foam have combustible properties. However, they do deliver excellent protection against moisture and are ideal for areas with high rainfalls. Rot or fungi growth won't be an issue when you invest in phenolic insulation.
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When fire touches phenolic foam insulation it undergoes thermal decomposition, which is called pyrolysis.
There are two byproducts of pyrolysis: the first is pyrolysis gas and the second is a black char on the surface of the board. Pyrolysis gases are hot and combustible, meaning that phenolic insulation is not entirely anti-flammable.
The fire resistance of insulation boards is measured against the Euroclass rating. Insulation materials undergo up to five different tests and get a rating that ranges from A (non-combustible) to F (very combustible).
There are lots of Kingspan Kooltherm boards to choose from, which means that there are a few different ratings to consider when meeting thermal performance targets and building regulations.
Most Kooltherm boards have a rating of C on the Euroclass scale, meaning that they are classed as combustible materials with limited contribution to fire.
To make phenolic insulation boards, Kingspan applies a layer of wet phenolic directly onto a facing. The plastic foam forms an insulating core and expands to meet the top layer, achieving the desired thickness.
When phenolic dries, it becomes tacky. It adheres to the top and bottom facings to create thin sheet material.
Kingspan cooks the resulting board under immense heat, then cures it in a second oven. Cooked and cured phenolic is a distinct pink colour, which is distinguishable from yellow PIR foam.
The boards have very low thermal conductivity and provide the best thermal protection that you can buy. They can also withstand continuous temperatures of up to 120 degrees C, making them the ideal choice for high specification projects.
Polyisocyanurate (PIR) insulation represents a significant advancement in insulation technology, boasting remarkable thermal efficiency.
This guide explores the world of PIR insulation, including its production process, applications, and comparative performance against other insulation types. Aimed at both homeowners and construction professionals, the content is structured to provide a deep understanding of PIR insulation.
This knowledge is crucial for making informed decisions on insulation choices, guiding towards energy-efficient and cost-effective construction methodologies.
Contents
What is PIR Insulation?
Polyisocyanurate (PIR) insulation, a type of foam board, is well known for its superior thermal insulation capabilities. The production of PIR involves a chemical reaction between a polyol and an isocyanate, creating a rigid foam. This foam stands out for its high thermal resistance, low water absorption, and impressive structural strength. The distinctive fine cell structure and closed-cell composition of PIR contribute to its exceptional thermal performance and resistance to moisture.
Why is PIR Insulation so Expensive?
PIR insulation's notable performance comes with a higher price tag compared to alternatives. Several factors contribute to this cost disparity:
Despite its higher initial expense, PIR insulation's benefits - superior thermal performance, durability, and fire resistance - justify its cost, offering long-term savings and performance advantages.
What are the Pros and Cons of PIR Insulation?
Pros of PIR Insulation:
Cons of PIR Insulation:
UK PIR Insulation comparison chart
There's a PIR board for virtually every part of your building envelope, from stud walls and floors to roofs and lofts.
This chart provides a detailed comparison of various PIR insulation boards available in the market from brands like Xtratherm, Celotex, Recticel, Kingspan, Ecotherm, and IKO. From their thermal properties to compressive strength, and from their versatility in application to their dimensions, we've gathered data from leading manufacturers to help you make an informed decision.
Comparing PIR to Other Insulation Board Types
When it comes to insulation, one size does not fit all. Each type of insulation board offers unique benefits and limitations, making the choice highly dependent on specific project requirements.
PIR vs EPS Insulation
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So, which is better, EPS or PIR?
The lower the R-value, the better the insulation! PIR may be more expensive to buy, it outperforms EPS in all other aspects.
PIR vs HP+
So, which is better, PIR or HP+?
Ultimately, for projects prioritising space and efficiency, PIR is the superior choice. However, HP+ is a strong contender for those seeking a balance between cost, performance, and flexibility in installation thickness. Both materials offer significant potential for energy cost savings, with the decision often boiling down to the specific application and project requirements.
PIR vs XPS
So, which is better, PIR or XPS?
XPS and PIR are closely matched in terms of moisture resistance and compressive strength, but PIR edges ahead with its thermal performance and fire safety ratings. For projects where thermal efficiency is paramount, PIR stands out as the more effective solution.
PIR vs Phenolic
So, which is better, PIR or Phenolic Insulation?
Phenolic foam offers excellent fire performance and a slightly better thermal efficiency than PIR. However, its higher cost, susceptibility to moisture, and more complex installation process can make PIR a more practical choice for a wide range of applications.
Is PIR insulation right for me?
Choosing the right insulation material is a crucial decision in any construction or renovation project. As we've explored, PIR insulation stands out for its exceptional balance of thermal efficiency, fire safety, and versatility across different applications. While other materials like EPS, HP+, XPS, and phenolic foam have their respective strengths, PIR often emerges as the best overall choice for homeowners and builders looking to enhance energy efficiency and reduce long-term costs.
The comparison highlights the importance of considering not just upfront costs but also long-term savings and performance benefits. Ultimately, the "winner" in the insulation race will depend on specific project requirements, but PIR insulation is undoubtedly a top contender for those seeking to maximise energy efficiency and building performance.
FAQs
Can PIR insulation be used in all areas of a building?
Yes, PIR insulation is versatile and can be used in various parts of a building, including roofs, walls, and floors. Its excellent thermal efficiency and moisture resistance make it suitable for both interior and exterior applications.
How does PIR insulation compare to fiberglass insulation in terms of R-value?
PIR insulation typically offers a higher R-value per inch than fiberglass insulation, meaning it provides greater thermal resistance and thus better insulation in a thinner layer. This makes PIR an efficient choice for areas where space is limited.
Is PIR insulation environmentally friendly?
While PIR insulation involves chemicals in its production, many manufacturers are moving towards more environmentally friendly blowing agents and materials. Its high efficiency also means that buildings require less energy for heating and cooling, contributing to overall energy savings.
Can PIR insulation be recycled?
Recycling PIR insulation can be challenging due to its chemical composition and the blowing agents used. However, efforts are being made to improve recyclability and manage end-of-life disposal in an eco-friendly manner.
How long does PIR insulation last?
PIR insulation is known for its durability and can last the lifespan of a building if properly installed and protected from UV light and physical damage. Its resistance to moisture and mould contributes to its longevity.
Does PIR insulation need a vapor barrier?
Due to its closed-cell structure, PIR insulation inherently resists moisture absorption, reducing the need for an additional vapor barrier in many applications. However, building codes and specific project requirements should always be consulted.
Is PIR insulation fire resistant?
PIR insulation has better fire resistance compared to other foam-based insulations like EPS or XPS. It is treated with fire retardant chemicals, which improve its fire performance. Nonetheless, it's important to comply with all applicable building codes and standards regarding fire safety.
How does PIR insulation handle moisture and water exposure?
Thanks to its closed-cell structure, PIR insulation is less prone to water absorption, making it an excellent choice for damp or prone-to-flooding areas. However, prolonged exposure to water should be avoided to maintain its insulating properties.
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