Ball mill ball is a basic component of ball mill. How does the steel balls help the ball mill work? The ball mill grinds the material and produces grinding and stripping effect through the collision friction between the ball and the material. Steel grinding balls are widely used in cement plants, power plants, etc., especially precision industrial steel balls play a huge role in the development of the national economy.
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Materials of ball mill balls
The material of ball mill steel ball mainly includes high carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, ceramics, and so on. Here are the details:
- Chromium steel balls: containing 0.5% to 2.0% chromium, high hardness, good wear resistance, strong corrosion resistance, suitable for grinding iron ore, metal ore and other hard materials. 3
- Stainless steel ball: Mainly made of 304 and 316 stainless steel, good corrosion resistance, and strong oxidation resistance, suitable for grinding chemical, pharmaceutical, food, and other industries of materials.
- Carbon steel ball: Mainly made of high carbon steel and medium carbon steel, good wear resistance, suitable for grinding color pigments, ceramics and other industries of materials.
- Ceramic ball: It is made of alumina, yttrium oxide and other ceramic materials as the main raw materials, with high hardness, good wear resistance, strong corrosion resistance and other characteristics, suitable for grinding ceramics, powder metallurgy, and other materials.
- Perlite ball: It is mainly made of natural perlite, with high hardness, low wear, corrosion resistance, and other characteristics, suitable for grinding sponge manganese ore, hematite, and other materials.
- High manganese steel ball: high manganese steel itself has good toughness, the main feature is that the surface can be rapidly hardened when encountering a large impact force, and the wear resistance can be improved in use.
In addition, the ball mill steel ball also has high chromium cast iron, high carbon and high-magnesium alloy steel, and other materials.
Processing of ball mill balls
The ball mill balls on the market can be divided into cast steel balls and forged steel balls according to their production process, but their wear resistance is not the same. Generally speaking, cast steel balls are suitable for dry grinding operations, and forged steel balls are suitable for wet grinding operations.
Due to the broken material, the steel ball needs good wear resistance and enough toughness, usually with alloy steel, high manganese steel, cast iron and chromium iron and other materials with forging or casting method molding, with the corresponding heat treatment process is more economical, ball mill steel ball according to the process and material can be divided into:
- Forged steel balls: low carbon alloy steel balls, medium carbon alloy steel balls, high manganese steel balls, rare earth chromium molybdenum alloy steel balls;
- Casting steel ball: low chromium casting ball, medium chromium casting ball, high chromium casting ball.
How to select ball mill balls
What kind of steel ball is best on the market now? Now let’s break it down:
Forged steel ball
Good surface quality, good impact resistance, strong toughness, good wear resistance, not easy to break and round. That is, the metal is heated at a temperature of 700-℃, and the metal blank is pressurized by forging machinery to produce plastic deformation to obtain a certain mechanical properties, a certain shape and size of the forging processing method. One of the two components of forging (forging and stamping). Through forging can eliminate the metal in the smelting process of the as-cast loose and other defects, optimize the microstructure, and because of the preservation of the complete metal flow line, the mechanical properties of the forgings are generally better than those of the same material. For important parts with high load and severe working conditions in related machinery, forgings are mostly used in addition to plates, profiles or welding parts with simple shapes that can be rolled. In addition, forged steel ball to wear must choose the most wear-resistant materials, such as the national standard 60Mn, 65Mn, or some companies independently developed high-efficiency wear-resistant alloy steel materials, and it is recommended to use the steel produced by the national large steel mill, the same material, the quality produced in different steel mills is also different. The quality of forgings 80% depends on the quality of the material, such as the use of high manganese steel, good impact resistance, strong toughness, good wear resistance, not easy to break. Forged steel balls are favored by the majority of users because of their cheap price, economic and durable characteristics, such as international mining giants Rio Tinto, BHP Billiton, Anglo Gold, etc., all use forged steel balls.
Forging production features:
- Forging the heated metal material into tools, mechanical parts or blanks of various shapes is called forging. Forging can change the internal structure of metal materials, refine the crystal and improve its mechanical properties.
- Forging production must use heating equipment, forging equipment and many auxiliary tools.
- Forging equipment mainly includes steam hammer, air hammer, die forging hammer, mechanical hammer, splint hammer, spring hammer, belt hammer, crank press, friction press, press, reaming machine, roll forging machine, etc.
Casting steel ball
Low and medium chromium casting ball has poor wear resistance, high crushing rate, although cheap, but the comprehensive cost performance is not high, it is not recommended here. High chromium casting ball has good hardness and is a high-quality wear-resistant material, which has been widely used in cement dry ball mills, but the toughness of high chromium casting ball is poor, and it is easy to break in the ball mill with a diameter greater than 3 meters, and the price is high.
The effect of casting steel ball material: Generally speaking, the greater the hardness of the steel ball, the greater the wear resistance. To improve the wear resistance of the steel ball, it is necessary to increase its hardness, but with the increase of hardness, the impact toughness of the steel ball will be reduced, and the hardness of the steel ball should also take into account the material and hardness of the lining board, which can not be too high (smashing the lining board), nor should it be too low (not wear-resistant). Therefore, how to balance the appropriate hardness and good impact toughness of the steel ball is the key to improve the wear resistance of the steel ball.
Steel ball commonly used materials include low carbon alloy, high manganese steel, high chromium cast iron, high carbon and high manganese alloy steel. Low carbon alloy steel ball has good toughness and low price, under the same working condition, its service life is more than 1 times longer than that of low chromium cast ball;
High manganese steel toughness, good process, low price, its main feature is that under the action of greater impact or contact stress, the surface layer will quickly produce work hardening, the work hardening index is 5-7 times higher than other materials, wear resistance has been greatly improved;
High chromium cast iron is a kind of wear-resistant material with excellent anti-wear properties, but its toughness is low, brittle breakage is easy to occur and its price is expensive.
High carbon and high manganese alloy steel is mainly alloy structural steel containing chromium, molybdenum and other elements, high hardness, good toughness, its matrix structure is martensite, bainite or bainite + martensite composite structure. The hardness of the steel ball is about HRC60, the impact toughness is ≥15J/CM2, and the service life is at least 1 times higher than that of the high manganese steel ball under the same working conditions.
But the quenching and tempering heat treatment of the steel ball is the key, after the quenching and tempering heat treatment not only requires the overall toughness of 12 joules /CM2, but also requires considerable plasticity and wear resistance, but the general casting process can only reach 3-5 joules, resulting in a high crushing rate, even if it is a high chromium cast ball, so it is recommended to use forgings when the strength of the working condition is large. The manufacturing process of the steel ball is also a key factor in determining its service life. If there are defects in the surface or internal manufacturing of the steel ball, such as shrinkage holes, cracks, crystal penetration, etc., it will not only reduce the performance of the steel ball, but even cause the steel ball to break. Therefore, reasonable forging, casting and heat treatment processes must be developed in the production of steel balls. For example, for high chromium cast iron balls, vertical casting and rational use of external cold iron should be adopted, and the casting temperature should be strictly controlled, so that the steel balls can have a good solidification sequence and feeding conditions in the casting, and then obtain dense internal organization, and weaken the phenomenon of coarse grains. The heat treatment process of the steel ball determines the realization of its mechanical properties and the distribution of carbides. Since the composition of the steel ball contains a certain amount of chromium and other alloying elements, how to give full play to the role of these alloying elements to form hard point carbides is also a factor to be considered when developing the heat treatment process. In short, the development of a reasonable production process and strict quality inspection means is to ensure that the steel ball to achieve the prerequisite for performance.
In summary, forgings are better than castings, and the specific steel ball used is more suitable according to their working conditions and economic strength. As the saying goes, there is no best, only better, don’t buy expensive, only buy the right.
Steel balls are spherical components used as rolling mechanisms in rotary motion components such as bearings, tooling, wheels, but there are other use for steel balls such as grinding or burnishing media, toys and more. There are many sizes and gauges used in a variety of applications.
Selecting the Right Steel Ball
When sourcing steel balls, consider your application and the function you need the ball to perform. Various options are available when creating steel balls and bearing balls, so you will need to consider the size and materials.- Steel balls are available in standard and metric sizes, so determine which is most appropriate for your purpose. Standard-sized steel balls are typically less expensive and normally available for immediate delivery. However, STR Industries will design custom sizes upon request.
When selecting thread sizes for products, you’ll encounter a wide range of options to suit various needs and applications. Here’s a breakdown of some commonly available thread sizes:
- Inch Sizes:
- Sizes range from small to large, starting as tiny as 8-32, all the way up to 5/8″-11.
- Some popular mid-range sizes include 1/4″-20, 3/8″-16, and 1/2″-13.
- Metric Sizes:
- Metric threads start from the smallest M6 size and increase in increments, such as M8, M10, and M12.
Each size category offers its own unique set of characteristics, catering to different requirements in strength and application compatibility. With these options, you can select the perfect thread size to match your project’s specifications.
- Steel balls are available in standard and metric sizes, so determine which is most appropriate for your purpose. Standard-sized steel balls are typically less expensive and normally available for immediate delivery. However, STR Industries will design custom sizes upon request.
- Material choice dictates the physical characteristics of the steel ball, such as hardness, magnetic properties, and oxidation resistance. Steel balls are available in low carbon (, ), high carbon (,), chrome (), and stainless steel (302, 304, 316, 420, and 440). The intended application will play a significant role in determining the appropriate material choice.
When considering product temperature ratings, there are typically several categories based on maximum temperature thresholds. Here’s a breakdown of what you can expect:
- Below 250°F: Products in this category are suitable for relatively low-temperature applications, such as typical household items or certain electronic components.
- 250°F to 499°F: This range covers products used in mid-range temperature settings, often seen in applications like moderate industrial processes or some cooking appliances.
- 500°F to 999°F: Items within this group are designed for high-heat environments. They are commonly used in industries like metalworking or automotive where significant heat resistance is required.
- 1,000°F to 1,999°F: Products made to withstand these extreme temperatures are tailored for specialized applications. These might include parts for furnaces or high-temperature manufacturing processes.
- Not Rated: Some products do not have a specified temperature rating, possibly due to variations in use or material limitations.
Understanding these ratings can help you choose the right product for your specific temperature requirements.
Exploring Product Appearance Options
When it comes to selecting products, appearance can play a crucial role in your decision-making process. Here’s a breakdown of the various appearance options available:
1. Finish Types
- Mirror-Like Finish: Offers a highly reflective, shiny surface that is often used for decorative purposes or in applications where aesthetics are paramount.
- Matte Finish: Provides a non-reflective surface that can hide fingerprints and smudges, ideal for more utilitarian environments.
- Brushed Finish: Features subtle texture with fine lines running in a single direction, often used in modern and industrial designs.
2. Color Choices
- Custom Colors: Many products are available in a range of customizable colors through powder coating, paint, or anodizing.
- Standard Hues: Classic colors like black, white, and silver that cater to traditional tastes and blend easily with existing designs.
3. Materials and Textures
- Plastics: Often available in a spectrum of colors and textures, from glossy to matte surfaces.
- Metals: Options include polished, brushed, or raw appearances, affecting both texture and sheen. Different metals like stainless steel, aluminum, and brass offer unique reflective qualities.
4. Patterns and Designs
- Printed Patterns: Incorporate specific designs, logos, or motifs directly onto the product surface.
- Embossed or Engraved: Adds a three-dimensional texture, creating depth and interest in the product design.
5. Coatings and Treatments
- Anti-Reflective Coatings: Reduce glare and enhance visibility in bright conditions.
- Weather-Resistant Treatments: Provide additional durability for products exposed to harsh outdoor environments.
Whether you’re looking for sleek modern aesthetics, classic elegance, or rugged functionality, the wide range of appearance options ensures you can find the perfect fit for your needs.
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When searching for specific products, you can apply a variety of filters based on material and measurement criteria. Here’s a breakdown of the primary filters available:
Material Type
Measurement System
Additional Filters
- Diameter Options:
- Inch sizes range from 0.026″ to 1 9/16″
- Metric sizes include 12 mm
- Hardness Levels:
- Standard, Tight, Hard, Extra Hard
- Rockwell ratings such as Rockwell C25 to C60
- Mount Types:
- Bolt On, Flange, Magnet, Press Fit, Slip Fit, Threaded Hole, Threaded Stud, Through Hole, Weld On
- Appearance & Finish:
- Mirror-like, Ground, Polished, Tumbled
- Heat Treatment:
- Options include Case Hardened and Hardened
- Mechanical Finish:
- Available types are Ground, Polished, and Tumbled
- Length Variations:
- Temperature Resistance:
- Options for operating under various maximum and minimum temperatures
- Regulatory Compliance:
- RoHS and REACH compliance status
- Thread Sizes:
- Options include standard and metric, ranging from 8-32 to 1 1/2″-6 for standard sizes and M6 to M12 for metric sizes
These filters empower you to refine your product search based on precision material specifications and measurement protocols, ensuring you find exactly what you need for your specific application.
How Steel Balls are Made
Our engineers can provide guidance in selecting the right type of steel balls for your application, including size, materials, and quantities.
Stainless steel and other metal balls are manufactured using the following processes:
- Forging aka cold heading. Rough ball shapes are forged from bar stock material.
- Deflashing. Rough machining or soft grinding removes the forge flashing.
- Heat treatment. Balls are heat treated based on technical specifications in a controlled process.
- Finishing. Stainless steel balls skip this step. Other steel balls may be hardened using heat treatments, quenching, or other tempering methods.
- Hard Grinding. The steel balls are ground to remove nicks and imperfections.
- Lapping. A controlled mechanical sanding/polishing process brings the balls into the intended design, grade dimensions, and spherical accuracy within 1/1,000,000 of an inch.
- Inspection & Packaging. Lubricant or rust-preventive is applied as a final step before the steel balls are inspected and packaged.
Mechanical Finishes Available
It’s important to understand the mechanical finishes that can be applied to steel balls and other products, enhancing their performance and aesthetics:
- Ground Finish: Ensures a smooth and consistent surface, ideal for applications requiring minimal friction.
- Polished Finish: Provides a reflective, mirror-like surface, enhancing both appearance and corrosion resistance.
- Tumbled Finish: Offers a matte surface, often used to improve durability and resistance to wear.
Each finish serves distinct purposes and can be selected based on the specific needs of your project. Our experts are available to help you choose the best finish for your application, ensuring optimal performance and longevity.
When it comes to precision measurement and inspection tools, there are a variety of options available to suit different needs. Let’s dive into some of the essential instruments, such as bore gauges, that can help you achieve accurate measurements.
Bore Gauges
Bore gauges are indispensable when you need to measure the interior diameter of a hole. These tools typically feature extendable contact points that adjust to fit the hole’s size. To use one, simply insert it into the hole and expand the contacts until they touch the sides.
Other Measuring Tools
- Calipers: Available in digital, dial, and vernier versions, calipers can measure both the interior and exterior dimensions of an object with outstanding precision.
- Micrometers: Ideal for obtaining highly accurate measurements of small distances, these tools come in digital and analog forms for various applications.
- Depth Gauges: Perfect for determining the depth of holes or indentations, these gauges provide exact measurements quickly and efficiently.
- Dial Indicators: Used for checking variations in surface height or alignment, these indicators are vital in quality control processes.
- Feeler Gauges: These help in determining gap widths and are specifically useful when working with machinery.
Inspection Instruments
- CMM Machines (Coordinate Measuring Machines): These advanced devices use probes to measure the geometry of physical objects precisely.
- Optical Comparators: Allow for visual inspection and measurement of parts using magnification and a screen projection.
Having the right measurement and inspection tools can be crucial for ensuring the success of your project. Whether you need to verify dimensions or inspect for quality, there’s a tool designed to fit your specific requirements.
When evaluating products for compliance, two key standards often come into play: RoHS and REACH.
RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances)
- Compliant: Products meeting the RoHS standard limit the use of specific hazardous materials found in electrical and electronic products. This includes materials like lead, mercury, and cadmium.
- Compliant with Exemptions: Some products meet RoHS standards but are allowed certain exemptions due to technical challenges or lack of viable alternatives.
- Not Compliant: Products do not meet the RoHS standards and exceed the allowable levels of hazardous substances.
REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals)
- Compliant: Products adhere to REACH regulations by ensuring the safe use of chemicals throughout their lifecycle. This involves the comprehensive testing and registration of substances.
- Not Compliant: Products fail to meet REACH standards and may pose risks due to insufficient management or disclosure of chemical properties.
Understanding these compliance ratings is crucial as they ensure product safety and environmental responsibility, impacting consumer choice and regulatory acceptability.
Types of Sawing and Cutting Tools Available
When it comes to sawing and cutting, there’s a diverse range of tools designed to meet various needs, from DIY projects to professional applications. Here’s a comprehensive overview:
Hand Saws
- Crosscut Saw: Ideal for cutting across the grain of wood, providing a clean and precise finish.
- Rip Saw: Perfect for cutting along the wood grain, designed for quick and efficient straight cuts.
- Hacksaw: Great for metal cutting, with a fine-toothed blade suited for detailed work on pipes and bars.
Power Saws
- Circular Saw: A versatile tool that can cut wood, metal, and masonry, offering both speed and precision.
- Reciprocating Saw: Prized for demolition work, it can cut through wood, metal, and drywall with ease.
- Jigsaw: Known for its ability to make curved cuts, great for intricate woodworking and fitting tasks.
- Miter Saw: Optimized for making precise crosscuts and miter cuts, often used in woodworking and framing.
Specialized Saws
- Band Saw: Ideal for intricate cuts and resawing, capable of slicing through thick wood, metal, and plastic.
- Tile Saw: Specifically designed for cutting ceramic and stone tiles with precision.
- Chainsaw: A robust tool for cutting trees and large branches, indispensable in forestry and landscaping.
Cutting Tools for Metal and Other Materials
- Angle Grinder: Widely used for cutting, grinding, and polishing hard materials like metal and concrete.
- Plasma Cutter: Allows for high-speed cutting of metal through an ionized gas torch, useful in metalworking.
- Utility Knife: Versatile for light-duty cutting tasks such as cardboard, drywall, and plastic.
Precision Cutting Tools
- Laser Cutter: Offers high-precision cuts in a variety of materials including metal, wood, acrylic, and more.
- Water Jet Cutter: Uses a high-pressure stream of water mixed with abrasive particles for precise cutting without heat.
When selecting the right sawing or cutting tool, consider the materials you’ll be working with and the finish you need. Each tool has specific features to facilitate the job, making it crucial to match the tool to your project’s requirements. Whether you’re an enthusiast or a professional, having a diverse toolbox ensures you’re prepared for any cutting challenge.
Sure! The catalog offers a range of fabricating tools designed to assist with precision and alignment in various machining and assembly processes.
Key Product Categories
- Tooling Balls: These are essential for creating precise reference points, ensuring accurate alignment of workpieces during fixturing. You’ll find an extensive selection with 45 different options to fit your specific needs.
- Tooling Ball Mounts: These provide elevated mounting points specifically designed for tooling balls. They are vital for situations where a raised positioning is required, with four distinct products available.
These tools are designed to enhance efficiency and accuracy in fabrication projects by offering reliable solutions for precise alignment and mounting needs.
Tools for Measuring and Inspecting
When browsing the catalog for measuring and inspection tools, you’ll come across several essential items tailored to precision work:
- Bore Gauges
- Functionality: These instruments are indispensable for checking the diameters of holes. They operate by being placed inside a hole and then expanding their contacts. This expansion allows for an accurate reading of the hole’s diameter.
- Calibration Equipment
- Purpose: Ensures all measuring instruments maintain accuracy over time by comparing against a known standard.
By incorporating these tools into your toolkit, you’ll be better equipped to perform precise measurements and quality inspections.
Comprehensive Heating and Cooling Solutions Catalog
When you’re exploring heating and cooling solutions, it’s essential to find options that meet your specific needs while maintaining efficiency and performance. Here’s a detailed rundown of the solutions listed in our catalog:
Heating Solutions
- Electric Heaters
- Space Heaters: Designed for localized heating, ideal for smaller areas requiring quick, directed warmth.
- Panel Heaters: Efficiently heat larger spaces using convection to circulate warm air.
- Gas Heaters
- Infrared Heaters: Perfect for outdoor use, these heaters emit warmth that directly heats people and objects.
- Forced Air Heaters: Provide powerful, circulating warmth using gas, suitable for larger indoor environments.
- Heat Pumps
- Air Source Heat Pumps: Energy-efficient heating that extracts warmth from the air, working well in moderate climates.
- Geothermal Heat Pumps: Utilize the Earth’s stable temperature to offer sustainable and efficient heating.
Cooling Solutions
- Air Conditioners
- Window Units: Compact and self-contained, these air conditioners are perfect for cooling individual rooms.
- Central Air Conditioning: Provides uniform cooling throughout entire buildings, managed via a central control system.
- Evaporative Coolers
- Designed to use evaporation to cool air, ideal for dry climates. They cool larger spaces while maintaining energy efficiency.
- Fans and Blowers
- Ceiling Fans: Enhance air circulation, helpful in decreasing reliance on air conditioning.
- Industrial Blowers: Heavy-duty air flow systems for large spaces such as warehouses or manufacturing floors.
Ventilation Solutions
- Exhaust Fans
- Crucial for expelling stale air and maintaining indoor air quality in spaces like kitchens, bathrooms, and workshops.
- Air Purifiers
- Filtration Systems: Remove allergens and impurities, ensuring clean air circulation throughout the environment.
By offering a structured selection of cutting-edge heating and cooling solutions, this catalog ensures that no matter the climate challenge you face, there’s an optimal system waiting to meet your needs. Keep both comfort and efficiency in balance with these diverse options.
Applications for Steel Balls
Steel balls have hundreds of potential uses. Some of the most common applications include:
- Automotive
- Bearings (most common)
- Casters
- Ink/chemicals as grinding media
- Military
- Paint
- Pharmaceuticals
- Rollers
- Sliders
- Sports Equipment
- Toys
Carbon Steel Ball
Material Available
- Low Carbon: AISI ~ AISI
- Medium Carbon: AISI
- High Carbon: AISI ~ AISI
AISI NumberC %Si %Mn %Mo %P % S % Hardness
AISI 0.10 Max0.30 Max0.50 Max0..07 Max 0.06 Max Case Hardened
HRC 55Min
AISI .13~0.180.10~0.300.30~0.600.020.04maxCase Hardened
HRC 55~61
AISI .43~0.500.10~0.30 0.60~0.900..04 Max0.05 MaxThrough Hardened
HRC 60 Min
AISI .83~0.880.10~0.30 0.30~0.700.040.04 Max0.04 MaxThrough Hardened
HRC 60 Min
Chemical Composition
The yield strength options provided include values such as 44,000 psi, 290,000 psi, and 295,000 psi. Additionally, some items may not have a specific rating for yield strength.
Chrome Steel Ball
C %Si %Mn %Cr %Cu %S %P %
0.90~1.05 0.15~0.35 0.25~0.45 1.35~1.65 0.3 Max 0.03 Max 0.03 Max
Chemical Composition
Stainless Steel Ball
Material Available
- AISI 302~AISI 316
- AISI 420~AISI 440C
AISI
NumberC %Si %Mn %Cr %Ni %Mo %P %S %Character
AISI .15 Max1.00 Max 2.00 Max17.0~ 19.08.0~ 10.5 0.045 Max0.03 MaxSlightly
magnetic
Austenitic
AISI .07 Max1.00 Max2.00 Max17.0~ 19.08.50~ 10.50.045 Max0.03 MaxSlightly
magnetic
Austenitic
AISI .07 Max1.00 Max2.00 Max16.5~ 18.5 10.5~ 13.~ 2.500.045 Max0.03 MaxNonmagnetic
Austenitic
Excellent corrosion
resistance
AISI 420J0.17~ 0.251.00 Max1.00 Max 12.0~ 14.00.045 Max 0.03 MaxMagnetic
Hardenable HRC
48 Min fair
corrosion
resistance
AISI .08 max1.00 Max1.00 Max15.5~ 17.50.045 Max0.03 MaxFair- good
corrosion
resistance
AISI 440C0.95~ 1.201.00 Max1.00 Max 16.0~ 18.00.40~ 0.800.04 Max0.02 MaxFair corrosion
resistance
Hardenable HRC
58 Min
Chemical Composition
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