To test generators for performance, our expert engineers load each model with various essentials you might want to power during an outage, like a space heater, refrigerator, or window air conditioner. We make sure the generator can handle the load it promises and also determine what happens when a sudden spike in voltage hits, like what would happen if the compressor in your refrigerator kicked on when the generator was already close to capacity. The best models take that in stride, while others bog down or even quit.
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We also consider how easy it is to move and use a generator, how efficiently it uses gasoline or other fuel, and how long it runs on a single tank.
We run each generator through a variety of scenarios designed to capture the ways in which a consumer might inadvertently misuse a generator to test for safety. We conduct these tests in a custom-built facility on the grounds of our Yonkers, N.Y., test facility. Our test chamber is wired with calibrated carbon monoxide sensors, and we record CO levels throughout the container when a generator is on, noting how quickly each generator turns off when the levels become potentially dangerous.
Finally, to reduce the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning, many portable generators feature a built-in sensor that triggers an automatic shutoff if CO builds up to dangerous levels in an enclosed space. Some also have engines that emit less CO in the first place.
Recent test data from CR shows that this safety feature is likely to save lives, and we’ll only recommend portable generators that pass our expanded CO safety technology test.
Choosing the right home generator means figuring out what size generator you need first. Generators are sold by power output, measured in watts. The amount of power a generator delivers determines how many electronics and appliances you can run at once; figure on about 5,000 watts for a typical home. The delivery and quality of power determine how well a model will power your home. A generator with a high output that struggles with power delivery or quality might stall or trip a circuit when it’s bogged down.
Before you look through our generator ratings for the best generator for your home, make a list of the devices you’ll need when the power’s out. Then add up wattages to get you in the right ballpark.
Here are some rough wattage estimates for common essentials as you build out your list:
Don’t let rain, snow, or wind keep you in the dark. Look for these options to get a generator that’s safe, reliable, and tailored to your power needs.
Automatic CO Shutoff
This critical safety feature automatically shuts down a generator’s engine if a built-in CO sensor detects that the deadly gas has reached certain levels. We have over a dozen generators in our ratings with a CO safety shutoff. (CR only recommends portable generators with this feature.)
From Generac to Honda, more brands than ever offer options with this technology—you might see them advertised with marketing terms like “CO Guard” or “CO Protect.” But the only way to verify whether a generator meets one of the two standards is to look for one of these certifications on the packaging:
• ANSI/UL Certified for Carbon Monoxide Safety
• ANSI/PGMA G300 Certified Safety & Performance
Low-CO Engine
Brands including Ryobi and Echo are using a low-CO engine to guard against carbon monoxide poisoning.
Automatic Start
When the power goes off, the generator automatically starts—without you lifting a finger. This is great if you travel a lot or work far from home, and can’t always get there quickly in an emergency.
Electric Start
Several portable models offer electric start, a push-button alternative to the hassle of pull-starting the engine. If the battery is not included, make sure you factor in the added cost (around $50). Stationary models have automatic starting.
Alternative Fuel Capacity
Most portable models run only on gasoline, though some come equipped to run on a propane tank or natural-gas line and others can be converted with kits.
Fuel Gauge
You may appreciate glancing at a fuel gauge to determine what fuel is left in your portable generator, especially during blackouts.
Low-Oil Shutoff
If oil falls below minimum levels, the generator shuts down to prevent engine damage. While this feature is standard for stationary generators, it’s increasingly common on portables.
Multiple Outlets
Four or more outlets on a portable generator let you best use the wattage by spreading the load, though we recommend using these for only a few devices at home, or for when you’re away—at, say, a campsite. See the next section on transfer switches.
Removable Console
A removable console connects to the generator so that you can plug in appliances without running (potentially risky) extension cords outdoors.
Experts say that between the years and , extreme weather events have become more frequent, as has the devastation they often bring with them. January's terrible Los Angeles fires are an unfortunate example of that, and the Environmental Protection Agency has warned that the situation is getting worse all the time. Ever-increasing temperatures, heat waves and other climate changes suggest extreme weather events aren't going anywhere. Those events often have a direct impact on the way we live our lives, not least by taking out the local power grid. Power cuts can be catastrophic, and there's little you can do to stop them from happening.
The good news is there are ways you can at least prepare for power outages, including looking at generators, batteries and other ways to provide backup for your home. If you're looking for ways to keep the power at home on during outages, a whole home generator might be a fit. But knowing which one is right for you is dependent on your home and your needs.
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There are a number of factors to consider when shopping for a whole home generator. First and foremost, you'll want to consider whether a generator is right for your situation. Then you'll need to consider what capacity, fuel type and additional features you might need, all while keeping in mind a budget that makes sense for you.
Before anything else, you should ask yourself this foundational question: Do you need one? The reality is that some situations do not necessitate or are not suitable for a whole home generator.
If you live in an apartment complex in a populated city, you are unlikely to need this much power and may face challenges even installing one. You are also less likely to experience long-term power outages if you live in densely populated or wealthier areas. Studies suggest rural and suburban areas and low-income neighborhoods are statistically more likely to face extended outages.
If you are in a smaller space or do not need to power your whole home and instead just need access to essential spaces or appliances, consider a portable generator or even a home power station that can provide power for essential devices like cell phones or small appliances.
Determining the wattage necessary to keep your house powered should the grid go down is a key consideration.
One practical method is to simply add up the wattage of the appliances you'll want to have access to during an outage. You'll need to regulate usage to ensure that you do not exceed your capacity, but this will allow you to save on both up front costs and fuel.
A reputable generator dealer or installer should also be able to help you determine which size you need. It's probably best to speak to more than one so you can compare their answers.
Whole home generators typically use three main fuel options: natural gas, propane and diesel. Each fuel type has its own set of benefits and downsides.
Natural gas generators are popular due to the convenience of a continuous fuel supply provided from the utility grid. They're cleaner-burning and require less maintenance compared to other options. However, gas lines can be disrupted by storms, affecting the generator's functionality.
Propane generators offer flexibility as they can use portable propane tanks or be connected to a larger, stationary tank. Propane has a longer shelf life than gasoline, but is sometimes less readily available than natural gas and the cost can fluctuate. You'll need to monitor and refill propane tanks to make sure you have the fuel necessary to ride out an extended outage.
Diesel generators are often more fuel-efficient than their gas counterparts and can provide a stable power source for extended periods of time. However, diesel generators usually require more maintenance and the fuel can degrade over time. Storage of diesel fuel also requires attention to prevent contamination.
Typically generators powered by gasoline or diesel "must be refilled every 12 to 16 hours depending on the load on the machine," says Don Whaley, former president of Texas operations for Direct Energy and adviser to OhmConnect. "Homeowners choosing this option will need to ensure an ample supply of fuel on hand to carry them through several days of outage."
Home battery backup systems store energy that you can use to power your house during an outage. Batteries get that electricity from your home solar system or the electrical grid. As a result, they're much better for the environment than fossil fuel-powered generators. They also might be better for your wallet.
Separately, if you have a time of use utility plan, you can use a battery backup system to save money on your electricity bill. Instead of paying high electricity rates during peak usage hours, you can use energy from your battery backup to power your home. In off-peak hours, you can use your electricity as normal at a cheaper rate and recharge your battery when it costs less.
Batteries connected to solar panels don't require a fuel supply in order to provide power. Solar batteries also come with a high price tag, so the up-front cost will play a major factor for most people.
While a generator has a host of benefits, the reality is that budget will be one of the biggest determining factors in most peoples' decisions. HomeAdvisor estimates that whole-house generators range in cost from $5,000 to $25,000. This expense, along with the cost of fuel, will be a limiting factor for many households.
If cost is a significant factor, Whaley suggests going with a cheaper, smaller option like a portable generator. "Smaller generators will run refrigerators, lights, televisions, computers and Wi-Fi routers," he says. There are some trade-offs. Most small generators "will not run central air or heat, so if consumers opt for smaller units, they will need to make allowances for heating or cooling their homes in extreme weather conditions."
Whole home generators ensure your safety by keeping essential home systems functioning, but they are not without risks. The potential for carbon monoxide emissions means there is a potential for carbon monoxide poisoning, which can cause headaches and dizziness and even lead to loss of consciousness and death.
To address this, many modern generators come equipped with carbon monoxide shutoff switches that automatically turn off the unit if elevated levels are detected. These are essential to your safety and the safety of others in your home. You'll also want to ensure proper ventilation for the device. Generators should be installed away from windows, doors and vents to prevent exhaust gasses from entering your home.
There are a number of trusted and reliable brands of whole home generators to choose from, most with modern safety features and flexibility when it comes to capacity and fuel sources that will allow you to find the right option for you and your home. Below are three suggestions of options to get you started, though CNET has not reviewed or tested any of them.
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